How to make a Drone at Home | Making a Drone using Arduino UNO in 2020 | With Code and Materials

Making a Drone using Arduino UNO

-Article By:

Shubham Sagar

PROJECT OVERVIEW:-

A Drone is an aircraft without a human pilot onboard and a type of unmanned vehicle. Drones are a component of an unmanned aircraft system (UAS); which includes a ground-based controller, a flight control system, and a system of communications between the two. The flight of Drones may operate with various degrees of autonomy, either under remote control by a human operator or autonomously by onboard computers i.e microcontrollers (Arduino) 

Drone's s use is rapidly expanding to commercial, scientific recreational, and other applications such as policing and surveillance, product delivery, photography, infrastructure inspection. 

As stated above that a Done can be controlled by a robot externally or internally or remote control or by onboard computers like microcontrollers. So, in this project, we will be using microprocessors or controllers to create a Drone.

How do the Drones Works?

Below, we discuss UAV technology on the most popular drones on the market, which have all the latest drone technology.  Most UAV drones will have very similar systems incorporated.

Also included is the latest list of top drones with cameras on the market right now.

Unmanned aerial vehicle technology covers everything from the aerodynamics of the drone, materials in the manufacture of the physical UAV, to the circuit boards, chipset and software, which are the brains of the drone.

One of the most popular drones on the market is the DJI Phantom series.  These drones are very popular with professional aerial cinematographers.

This Phantom UAVs are ideal to explain drone technology because they have everything in one package.  It includes the UAV, gimbal, and camera. They also have some of the top drone technology on the market today.

How Drones Work

A typical unmanned aircraft is made of light composite materials to reduce weight and increase maneuverability. This composite material strength allows military drones to cruise at extremely high altitudes.

UAV drones are equipped with a different state of the art technology such as infrared cameras, GPS, and laser (consumer, commercial, and military UAV). Drones are controlled by remote ground control systems (GSC) and also referred to as a ground cockpit.

An unmanned aerial vehicle system has two parts, the drone itself and the control system.

The nose of the unmanned aerial vehicle is where all the sensors and navigational systems are present. The rest of the body is full of drone technology systems since there is no space required to accommodate humans.

The engineering materials used to build the drone are highly complex composites designed to absorb vibration, which decreases the sound produced. These materials are very lightweight.

What Is A Drone And UAV Technology

Below we examine the science and drone technology behind the DJI Phantom UAV.  We also have plenty of information on the latest drone technologies from the newest drones on the market.

There are plenty of links, where you can read deeper into various components of drone technology

How do Drones Fly?

Drones can be controlled remotely, often from a smartphone or tablet. Wireless connectivity lets pilots view the drone and its surroundings from a birds-eye perspective. Users can also leverage apps to pre-program specific GPS coordinates and create an automated flight path for the drone. Another handy wirelessly-enabled feature is the ability to track battery charge in real-time, an important consideration since drones use smaller batteries to keep their weight low.
Rotors
A drone relies on rotors for its vertical motion. Drones use their rotors—which consist of a propeller attached to a motor—to hover, meaning the downward thrust of the drone is equal to the gravitational pull working against it; climb, when pilots increase the speed until the rotors produce an upward force greater than gravity; and descend, when pilots perform the opposite and decrease speed.
To hover, two of a drone’s four rotors move clockwise, while the other two move counterclockwise, ensuring that the sideways momentum of the drone remains balanced. To avoid throwing its vertical motion off-kilter, the other two rotors on the drone will increase their spin. The same principle applies to move forward and backward—the rotors of the drone must apply thrust while making sure the spin of the rotors keeps the drone balanced.
Accelerometer and Altimeter

Materials Required:-                              

1.Arduino UNO Board 

Buy Link: https://amzn.to/3mUOxBB

https://amzn.to/3cAzJmJ

2.Propellers (4)

Buy Link: https://amzn.to/2S3wRFE

3.Frame for Drone

Buy Link:https://amzn.to/2S3wRFE 

4.Motor

Buy Link: https://amzn.to/3i84XD1

5. 4 Lipo Batteries

Buy Link: https://amzn.to/2FVt8HW

6. RC Receiver & Transmitter for Drone

Buy Link: https://amzn.to/2Gfkqnk

7.MPU6050

Buy Link: https://amzn.to/3cA1QTa

8.ESC

Buy Link: https://amzn.to/3cz11tG

VIDEO TUTORIAL FOR CREATING THE DRONE WITH THE FOLLOWING MATERIALS IS IN PROCESS. BUT, WE HAVE PROVIDED THE CODE BELOW WHICH WE WILL BE USING TO CREATE THIS DRONE...

#define BLYNK_PRINT Serial

#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>

#include <BlynkSimpleEsp8266.h>

#define CPU_MHZ 80

#define CHANNEL_NUMBER 8  //set the number of chanels

#define CHANNEL_DEFAULT_VALUE 1000  //set the default servo value

#define FRAME_LENGTH 22500  //set the PPM frame length in microseconds (1ms = 1000µs)

#define PULSE_LENGTH 300  //set the pulse length

#define onState 0  //set polarity of the pulses: 1 is positive, 0 is negative

#define sigPin 5 //set PPM signal output pin on the arduino

#define DEBUGPIN 4

int fm=1;

volatile unsigned long next;

volatile unsigned int ppm_running=1;

int ppm[CHANNEL_NUMBER];

const byte captive_portal=0;

unsigned int alivecount=0;

unsigned long time_now = 0;

WidgetLCD lcd(V1);

char auth[] = "UHboDESufirGlMYyrMTfUIOc1sAawhat";

// Your WiFi credentials.

// Set password to "" for open networks.

char ssid[] = "Renga";

char pass[] = "Renga_rider";

void inline ppmISR(void){

  static boolean state = true;

  if (state) {  //start pulse

    digitalWrite(sigPin, onState);

    next = next + (PULSE_LENGTH * CPU_MHZ);

    state = false;

    alivecount++;

  } 

  else{  //end pulse and calculate when to start the next pulse

    static byte cur_chan_numb;

    static unsigned int calc_rest;

  

    digitalWrite(sigPin, !onState);

    state = true;

    if(cur_chan_numb >= CHANNEL_NUMBER){

      cur_chan_numb = 0;

      calc_rest = calc_rest + PULSE_LENGTH;// 

      next = next + ((FRAME_LENGTH - calc_rest) * CPU_MHZ);

      calc_rest = 0;

      digitalWrite(DEBUGPIN, !digitalRead(DEBUGPIN));

    }

    else{

      next = next + ((ppm[cur_chan_numb] - PULSE_LENGTH) * CPU_MHZ);

      calc_rest = calc_rest + ppm[cur_chan_numb];

      cur_chan_numb++;

    }     

  }

  timer0_write(next);

}

void handleRoot() {

   if(ppm_running==0)

  {

    noInterrupts();

    timer0_isr_init();

    timer0_attachInterrupt(ppmISR);

    next=ESP.getCycleCount()+1000;

    timer0_write(next);

    for(int i=0; i<CHANNEL_NUMBER; i++){

      ppm[i]= CHANNEL_DEFAULT_VALUE;

    }

    ppm_running=1;

    interrupts();

  }

 }

 

BLYNK_WRITE(V2) {

  ppm[2] = param.asInt();

}

BLYNK_WRITE(V3) {

  ppm[3] = param.asInt();

}

BLYNK_WRITE(V6)

{

  ppm[1] = param.asInt(); // assigning incoming value from pin V6 to a variable

  ppm[0]=1500;

  

}

BLYNK_WRITE(V4)

{

  ppm[4] = param.asInt(); // assigning incoming value from pin V4 to a variable

  if(ppm[4]<=1250)

  {

    fm=1;

  }

  else if(ppm[4]>1250&&ppm[4]<=1500)

  {

    fm=2;

  }

  else if(ppm[4]>1500&&ppm[4]<=1750)

  {

    fm=3;

  }

  else if(ppm[4]>1750&&ppm[4]<=2000)

  {

    fm=4;

  }

  else

  {

    fm=1;

  }

}

BLYNK_WRITE(V5)

{

  ppm[7] = param.asInt(); // assigning incoming value from pin V5 to a variable

 

}

void setup()

{

  // Debug console

  Serial.begin(9600);

  lcd.clear(); //Use it to clear the LCD Widget

  lcd.print(4, 0, "Drone"); // use: (position X: 0-15, position Y: 0-1, "Message you want to print")

  lcd.print(4, 1, "online");

  Blynk.begin(auth, ssid, pass);

  pinMode(sigPin,OUTPUT);

  digitalWrite(sigPin, !onState); //set the PPM signal pin to the default state (off)

  pinMode(DEBUGPIN,OUTPUT);

  digitalWrite(DEBUGPIN, !onState); //set the PPM signal pin to the default state (off)

  noInterrupts();

  timer0_detachInterrupt();

  ppm_running=0;

  noInterrupts();

  timer0_isr_init();

  timer0_attachInterrupt(ppmISR);

  next=ESP.getCycleCount()+1000;

  timer0_write(next);

  ppm[0]=1500;//yaw

  ppm[1]=1000;//throttle

  ppm[2]=1500;//roll

  ppm[3]=1500;//pitch

  ppm[4]=1000;//aux//flightmode

  ppm[5]=1000;//aux

  ppm[6]=1000;//aux

  ppm[7]=1000;//aux//arm disarm

  interrupts();

}

void loop()

{

  Blynk.run();

 

  if(fm==1)

  {

    lcd.print(0, 0, "ANGLE    ");

  }

  else if(fm==2)

  {

   lcd.print(0, 0, "HORIZON   ");

  }

   else if(fm==3)

  {

   lcd.print(0, 0, "HEADFREE  ");

  }

  else if(fm==4)

  {

   lcd.print(0, 0, "ACRO      "); 

  }

  if(ppm[7]>1500)

  {

    lcd.print(0, 1, "ARMED     ");

  }

  else

  {

     lcd.print(0, 1, "DISARMED   ");

  }

}